MIKROKOSMOS


EPISTEMIC Modalities


Note: We have been using an epistemic modality under the "statement" (speech-act) in all the TMRs; those instances of the epistemic modality are not included in this file.

Examples from JJV TMRs -

(Note: Double asterisks surround the point in text that triggered the modality)

JJV 0002 %modality_8

"Up to now, industry major Tokyo Kaijo was wary of product tie-ups, but since a lot of ((insurance subscribers)) start long-term savings for education funds, and to provide for old age, ((Tokyo Kaijo)) **decided to try to incorporate** securities companies' products and absorb these funds."

Note: We represented "try" with the EPISTEMIC, POTENTIAL and VOLITION Modalities.


%modality_8
	type		epistemic
	attributed-to	$"Tokyo Kaijo"
	scope		%incorporate_1
	time		%time_9
	value		0.6

%modality_9
	type		potential
	attributed-to	$"Tokyo Kaijo"
	scope		%incorporate_1
	time		%time_9
	value		>0.5

%modality_10
        type		volition
	attributed-to   $"Tokyo Kaijo"
	scope		%incorporate_1
	time		%time_9
	value		>0.5

JJV0108 %modality_2

"**Nomura Shoken announced** that it has tied up with Credit 109 (Headquarters: Tokyo), which is the ((credit)) card company of the Tokyu Group, and from early this month will issue the "Nomura Tokyu Top Card", which combines the functions of Tokyu's credit card and the securities card which PRC fund buyers have."


%modality_2
	type		epistemic
	attributed-to	%company_1
	scope		%announce_1
	time		%time_1
	value		1.0

JJV0403 %modality_4

"There also is **concern** that, with two Canadian companies contracting to provide two Japanese companies with the same technology, licensing and know-how disputes will occur."

Note: We represented "concern" with the EPISTEMIC (positive) and EVALUATIVE (negative) Modalities.


%modality_4
          type           epistemic
          attributed-to  *author*
          scope          %occur_1
          time           %time_16
          value          >0.5

%modality_5
          type           evaluative
          attributed-to  *author*
          scope          %occur_1
          time           %time_16
          value          <0.4                ;"osore" means
                                             concern, danger, or
                                             fear.  We represent
                                             it as an modality of
                                             positive expectation
                                             and negative
                                             evaluation.

JJV0466 %modality_2

"On the 24th, auto supply vendor Autovax Seven (headquarters, Osaka) **announced** a business tie-up with Yaohan Department Store concerning ((setting up of)) branch stores specializing in general auto supplies."


%modality_2
	type		epistemic
	attributed-to	%company_1
	scope		%announce_1
	time		%time_1
	value		1.0

Examples from EJV TMRs

ejv0011.tmr

China's first joint-venture management-consulting firm will be established by BEIJING INTERNATIONAL TRUST & INVESTMENT CORP., or Bitic, NEDERLANDSCHE MIDDENSTANDSBANK N.V., K.K. YEUNG MANAGEMENT CONSULTANTS LTD. and SCRIVEN TRADING LTD., the four concerns **said**.

modality_1
        type            epistemic
        value           1
        scope           (set %say_1 %create_1)
        attribution     set_1
        time            time_1
-------------

ejv0020.tmr

Du Pont Co., Wilmington, Del., **said** it agreed to form a joint venture in gas separation technology with L'Air Liquide S.A., an industrial gas company based in Paris.


modality_1
        type            epistemic
        value           1
        scope           %say_1
        attribution     %company_1
        time            time_1

---------------------

ejv0046.tmr It **added** that the proposed transaction will require government clearance.


modality_9
        type        epistemic
        value       1
        scope       %add_1
        attribution     %company_12
        time            time_9
---------------------------

ejv0070.tmr

"BHP's managing director, Brian Loton, **said** the company is considering selling its 61% holding in Rheem Australia Ltd., a maker of appliances and packaging."


modality_23
        type            epistemic
        value           1
        scope           %say_4
        attribution     %person_1
        time            time_23

-------------

ejv0070.tmr

"It **said** it is selling its 20% stake in the Worsley alumina venture to Hydro Aluminium of Norway."


modality_21
        type            epistemic
        value           1
        scope           %say_1
        attribution     %company_50
        time            time_

-------------

ejv0070.tmr

"BHP **said** it has sold its 50% stake in Hydrocarbon Products Pty. Ltd. to Monsanto Co. of the U.S., which had been the joint-venture partner."


modality_17
        type            epistemic
        value           1
        scope           %say_2
        attribution     *author*
        time            time_
        
-----------------

ejv0589.tmr

"C. Ito officials **said**..."


modality_25
        type            epistemic
        value           1
        scope           %say_2
        attribution     *author*
        time            time_
---------------

ejv0589.tmr

"Beside the four firms, other major Japanese traders like Mitsui and Co. and Marubeni Corp. are **jockeying** for a big chunk of the lucrative market with ambitious coil center construction plans."


;;  gloss: -> other major traders are attempting to gain a large portion 
;;  of the market's sales

(note: "jockeying" is glossed as "attempt," which is represented with 
EPISTEMIC, VOLITIONAL AND POTENTIAL Modalities.)

modality_27
        type            epistemic
        value           1
        scope           %gain_1
        attribution     set_25
        time            time_

modality_28
        type            volitional
        value           1
        scope           %gain_1
        attribution     set_25
        time            time_

modality_28a
        type            potential
        value           1
        scope           %gain_1
        attribution     set_25
        time            time_

---------------

ejv0589.tmr

"Also **angling** for a solid share in the Philippine rolled steel market is Nissho Iwai Corp.


;;    -> Nissho Iwai is attempting to attain a solid share in the...market

(note: "jockeying" is glossed as "attempt," which is represented with 
EPISTEMIC, VOLITIONAL AND POTENTIAL Modalities.)

modality_27
        type            epistemic
        value           1
        scope           %gain_1
        attribution     set_25
        time            time_

modality_28
        type            volitional
        value           1
        scope           %gain_1
        attribution     set_25
        time            time_

modality_28a
        type            potential
        value           1
        scope           %gain_1
        attribution     set_25
        time            time_
        
---------

ejv2103.tmr

A group of Japan Indonesia Oil Co. (JIO), Kobe Steel., Ltd., Ishikawajima- Harima Heavy Industries Co., Taisei Corp. and McDermott Inc. of the United States will receive an order from Indonesia for a liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) plant worth 150 million dollars, the Nihon Keizai **said**.


modality_1
        type            epistemic
        value           1
        scope           %say_1.theme
        attribution     %company_1
        time            time_1

------------

ejv2301.tmr

The amount of investment in the joint venture **is estimated** at 34 million dollars.


modality_5
        type            epistemic
        value           1
        scope           %estimate_1
        attribution     *author*
        time            time_